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48 articles

Articles

Working notes on importing, exporting and procurement: Incoterms, customs, payments, logistics and selling. Each article lists its official sources.

Payments

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  1. Payments

    Letter of credit for importers and exporters, step by step

    How a documentary letter of credit works: the flow, the types, the UCP 600 rules, discrepancies, costs and when a collection is enough.

    9 min read

  2. Payments

    Currency risk in import and export: how to manage it

    Invoicing currency, forward contracts, natural hedging and currency clauses. How importers and exporters protect their margin from rate moves.

    5 min read

  3. Payments

    Export factoring: recourse vs non-recourse and costs

    How export factoring works, recourse vs non-recourse, what the cost consists of, and when credit insurance or a letter of credit fits better.

    5 min read

  4. Payments

    Trade credit insurance for exporters: how it works

    How export credit insurance works: buyer credit limits, commercial and political risk, private insurers and export credit agencies such as KUKE, your duties.

    5 min read

  5. Payments

    B2B trade fraud: warning signs and verification steps

    Changed bank details, too-good prices, fake companies and forged documents: how to spot fraud in international trade and what to check before paying.

    6 min read

  6. Payments

    Payment terms in international trade: T/T, collections, L/C

    Prepayment, T/T, open account, documentary collection and letters of credit under UCP 600: how each works and the risk it puts on buyer and seller.

    6 min read